What tools and techniques are used for performance optimization (CDN, caching, etc.)?

Core performance optimization tools include Google Lighthouse (built into Chrome DevTools) for initial audits, WebPageTest for waterfall analysis of load sequences, and Google Search Console’s Core Web Vitals report for real-world field data from actual users. PageSpeed Insights combines both lab and field data in a single interface.

Techniques applied include CDN implementation (Cloudflare, AWS CloudFront, or Fastly) to serve assets from servers geographically close to the user, Redis or Memcached for server-side query and object caching, image optimization pipelines using Cloudinary or Imgix for automatic format conversion and responsive sizing, HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 protocol enabling multiplexed asset delivery, and database query optimization through indexing and query profiling. For WordPress sites, tools like WP Rocket or LiteSpeed Cache provide accessible implementations of caching, minification, and lazy loading without custom development effort.